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 The yips is manifested by severe involuntary movement of the lower arms, hands and/or wrists causing the ball to veer wildly offline or to zoom well past the hole. The yips has been defined by a multidisciplinary team at the Mayo Clinic as a psycho–neuromuscular impediment to executing the putting stroke. It is a poorly understood problem that resembles a focal dystonia (episodic twitching and jerking). Symptoms can worsen under conditions of anxiety and stress. ("The 'Yips': A Biomedical Investigation of a Common Problem in Golf,", Mayo Clinic). Many famous golfers such as Ben Hogan, Tommy Armour, Sam Snead, and Bernhard Langer have suffered from the yips, greatly altering their ability to putt and to play the game.
There is no known cure for the yips. The Mayo Clinic began studying the yips in 1998 in order to offer meaningful relief, but its research has not yet been concluded. According to the Mayo team, the yips adds an average of five strokes to the score of afflicted players, and typically affects low–handicap, loyal golfers who form the competitive and financial backbone of the game. In a Mayo Clinic survey of 2,600 golfers with a 12–and–under handicap, 53 percent of respondents reported experiencing the yips.
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